In lieu of an annotated bibliography, please post your scholarly sources here with short descriptions (100 words) of their arguments or topics of focus. Remember, a good research essay will be about 2,000-2,500 words and will converse with about three scholarly sources. Do you agree or disagree with the arguments put forth in your sources?
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In Libby Schofields“‘It Isn’t Fair, It Isn’t Right’: The Affective Politics of Fear in Shirley Jackson’s ‘The Lottery,”” I found this to be a very useful scholarly source for the short story the Lottery. This Article kind of gives you a political point of view because they mention stuff like how Tessie got stoned because she could be considered a threat since her voice can alter people to change their opinions about the lottery. The lottery is controlled by a host who is wealthy man, but if you think about it a little deeply technically no man may want to kill himself or use be the scarifice object since everyone loves their life so Tessie calling it rigged might have affected her getting killed. This article also talks about how the box and how people might be scared to touch this box or change it because people dont want to mess with this tradition. This box is viewed as a holy thing and symbolizes fear because it also plays a role on who gets picked and getting picked is what installs fear in the villagers. The next Scholarly source I used was written by Ted Bailey called Sacred Violence in Shirley Jacksons the Lottery. That source was also very helpful because it goes more into the social aspect of the Lottery by mentioning women. If you read the lottery there was another women named Ms. Adams who questions it by mentioning how other villages are canceling the Lottery, but got quickly shut down from saying anymore because the old man warner and mr.summers looked down upon that brainwashing them into believing that getting rid of the lottery is bad. The Last Scholary Source I used was called Dystopian Society in Shirley Jacksons the Lottery by Twayej May Mohammed Baqer(phd) and it basically goes on to talk about corruption and the power of the higher ups have on the environment and society. This article also gives you a point of view about Shirleys life and how the lottery reflects some parts of her life such as bullying or having unfriendly or fake people around in her area such as when school kids use to throw stones at her . I found all of that information to be really beneficial when it came to writing this paper as these scholarly sources helped me look at the lottery in all the corrupt angles Shirley tried mentioning which is great information for my thesis statement since it shows how much a factor the enviorment really was in that village in the story the lottery.
Duncan Charles. “Learning to listen to ‘Sonny’s Blues’” Obsidian II, vol. 9, no. 2, 1994
https://go-gale-com.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?&id=GALE|A205735408&v=2
.1&u=cuny_hunter&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w . Accessed May 5, 2020.
Duncan speaks about the strained relationship between the two brothers: Sonny and the nameless narrator and their specific environment that involves drug use and disenfranchisement, Baldwin’s incorporation of Blues serves as a bridge in the short story, connecting not only the two brothers but also the narrator’s relationship with his identity as a Black man. Sonny is appointed to tell his story through music, something Baldwin has claimed is the only way the Black man in America is to tell his story due to most possessing the ability to understand and admire music. The narrator serves as a metaphor for the deaf listeners in our society who refuse to acknowledge the cries of those who ask for help or to those who do not live by society’s norms, believing that only those who are like them are the only ones worth listening to. However, the narrator learns to listen to Sonny and his cries for “help”, learning to be more accepting and understanding of the way Sonny has led and leads his life: unconventionally and by his own rules. Throughout the short story, the narrator “stresses his own refusal, or perhaps inability, to listen to the world around him” yet by the end he learns to not only listen to those around him but also to himself and to accept his culture and heritage rather than reject it.
Kowalaska Eva. “Troubled Reading: ‘Sonny’s Blues’ and empathy” Journal ofLiterary
Criticism, Comparative Linguistics and Literary Studies vol.36 no.1, 2015 pp 1-6
https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1148/1759 . Accessed May 5, 2020.
Kowalaska disucess Baldwin’s use of Blues as a metaphor for “individual suffering and communication of collective sorrow” and also discusses race, interpersonal relationships and culture (1). Kowalaska also places emphasis on how the experience of heroin addiction is alienating. Kowalaska calls Baldwin’s work significant despite how long ago it was published as he explores “the possibility of an artistic value emergent from drug use and the social and personal problems it engenders” (1). The estranged brothers begin to mend their bond once the nameless narrator suffers a loss of his own, the death of his child, enabling him to see and most importantly empathize his brother’s sorrow and ways he has dealt with them (music and drugs). Throughout his childhood and adolescence, Sonny shows how he does not conform to society’s norms and is quite a troublesome child/teen, setting up the scene for his eventual drug use. It takes the narrator the entirety of the short story to finally start understanding his brother and to finally willingly listen to the “past and present, memory and reality, sorrow and desire, strangeness and familiarity” that Sonny’s blues link (2). Through the use of a narrator who serves as an outsider, the reader s
Ognibene Elaine R. “Black Literature Revisited ‘Sonny’s Blues’” The English Journal, vol. 60
no. 1, 1971 pp, 36-37 https://www-jstor-org.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/stable/813336?sid=primo&origin=crossref&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed May 5, 2020.
Ognibene cites Barbara Dodds Stanford who praises Baldwin’s literary work for writing about identities and struggles Black youth can relate to. “Sonny’s Blues” is a perfect example of how Baldwin incorporates the very essence of what Stanford has praised; the short story incorporates topics such as weak family bonds, defying societal norms, one’s search for their identity while also questioning the prejudice and stereotypes that exist in this case specifically about society’s view on drugs and those who use it. A close reading of this short story reveals the nameless narrator’s own struggle with his identity, having confined to society’s proposed identity for “respectable Black men” which translates to being as white as possible. When contrasted with Sonny, someone who spiraled into the the world of drugs and resurrected through jazz, the reader can see that the nameless narrator’s issue with Sonny is not Sonny himself but rather how it forces his “respectable” middle class lifestyle to be disrupted and to acknowledge his Blackness, something that Sonny’s presence triggers in him. The bond between the brothers is weak, the nameless narrator believing he knows what’s best and unless Sonny conforms to the nameless narrator’s expectations, he will remain beneath him. It isn’t until the narrator experiences a personal suffering that he begins to think about the suffering of others, specifically Sonny’s, and he makes the effort to not only amend their bond but to also acknowledge his past and identity.
Here are three resources I found for my essay.
In Jeanine M. Grenberg’s paper, Self-deception and self-knowledge: Jane Austen’s Emma as an Example of Kant’s Notion of Self-Deception she applies philosophical theories to Emma’s character. The focus of the paper is about Emma’s failed attempts to not only understand others’ emotions but her own as well. Self-deception and lack of emotional intelligence are entwined themes in the novel.
In Emma Woodhouse and the Charms of Imagination, Susan Morgan discusses Emma’s inability to understand or care for others “except in the terms she sets for them”. Morgan explains that Emma has a fixed imagination that places her as the director of others. Hence why Emma labels herself a matchmaker. Morgan’s take on Emma provides a different insight on her character development.
Emma: Character and Construction by Edgar F. Shannon, Jr. follows Jane Austen’s process of creating Emma’s character in the novel. He explains that like the rest of Austen’s heroines, Emma has fallen victim to snobbery. Furthermore, he describes Austen’s reorientation of Emma as “repetition plus variation”, which refers to Emma’s repeating mistakes to comprehend others’ emotions. He highlights 6 important SOCIAL events where Emma is pushed to mature.
In “A Representative and a Scapegoat: Analysis of Tessie Hutchinson in The Lottery” written by Fuyu Chen, the analysis of the character Tessie is emphasized to explain how she was used as a scapegoat by her own society. Tessie was the only one who was against the old yet dark ritual known as the lottery. In this article, the author claims that Tessie was chosen for the unfortunate death by not only her fellow villagers, but also by Shirley Jackson herself. Jackson purposely made the character stand out to symbolize that she will be the one to be punished simply for speaking out about it. Tessie’s dual personality furthers the point that she was chosen to specifically be chosen, as though she acknowledges the old tradition, she doesn’t find it of importance like the other villagers. This writer explains that by speaking out, she is physically allowing herself and everyone else to pick her for her death.
In “Human Rights at Stake: Shirley Jackson’s Social and Political Protest in “The Lottery”” written by Zaid Ismael Ibrahim and Sabah Khalifa Ali discusses both the political and social aspects that seem to have mirrored real life society. By stating that Jackson explicitly chose to write about a society that denies any say about tradition, she is discussing real life events in which fear forces people to do as they are told with no opposition. Like the oppression of women, they are not allowed to have any say for the way they are treated, and though they are innocent, still get treated the way they do. Similarly, Tessie opposes the brutal ritual in order to end their savage ways in picking someone to kill, and because her opinion differs to what society should depict, she is chosen.
In the article “The Affective Politics of Fear in Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery”” written by Libby Schofield, we get a political perspective as to how Tessie is viewed. Because of her differing opinion, society considers her as a threat and is afraid of her affecting others. Simply by speaking out, she has the power to change others’ opinion about the lottery, which in turn can ruin the beloved annual ritual. By Tessie speaking out about the event, the lottery had a higher chance of being rigged to get her killed.
Duncan Charles. “Learning to listen to ‘Sonny’s Blues’” Obsidian II, vol. 9, no. 2, 1994
https://go-gale-com.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/ps/i.do?&id=GALE|A205735408&v=2
.1&u=cuny_hunter&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w . Accessed May 5, 2020.
Duncan speaks about the strained relationship between the two brothers: Sonny and the nameless narrator and their specific environment that involves drug use and disenfranchisement; Baldwin’s incorporation of Blues serves as a bridge in the short story, connecting not only the two brothers but also the narrator’s relationship with his identity as a Black man. Sonny is appointed to tell his story through music, something Baldwin has claimed is the only way the Black man in America is able to tell his story due to most audiences possessing the ability to understand and admire music. The narrator serves as a metaphor for the deaf listeners in our society who refuse to acknowledge the cries of those who ask for help or to those who do not live by society’s norms, believing that only those who are like them are the only ones worth listening to. However, the narrator learns to listen to Sonny and his cries for “help”, learning to be more accepting and understanding of the way Sonny has led and leads his life: unconventionally and by his own rules, accepting his identity and learning and growing from his mistakes. Throughout the short story, the narrator “stresses his own refusal, or perhaps inability, to listen to the world around him” yet by the end he learns to not only listen to those around him but also to himself and to accept his culture and heritage rather than reject it.
Kowalaska Eva. “Troubled Reading: ‘Sonny’s Blues’ and empathy” Journal ofLiterary
Criticism, Comparative Linguistics and Literary Studies vol.36 no.1, 2015 pp 1-6
https://literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1148/1759 . Accessed May 5, 2020.
Kowalaska disucess Baldwin’s use of Blues as a metaphor for “individual suffering and communication of collective sorrow” and also discusses race, interpersonal relationships and culture (1). Kowalaska also places emphasis on how the experience of heroin addiction is alienating. Kowalaska calls Baldwin’s work significant despite how long ago it was published as he explores “the possibility of an artistic value emergent from drug use and the social and personal problems it engenders” (1). The estranged brothers begin to mend their bond once the nameless narrator suffers a loss of his own, the death of his child, enabling him to see and most importantly empathize with his brother’s sorrow and ways he has dealt with them (music and drugs). Throughout his childhood and adolescence, Sonny shows how he does not conform to society’s norms and is quite a troublesome child/teen, setting up the scene for his eventual drug use. It takes the narrator the entirety of the short story to finally start understanding his brother and to finally willingly listen to the “past and present, memory and reality, sorrow and desire, strangeness and familiarity” that Sonny’s blues link (2).
Ognibene Elaine R. “Black Literature Revisited ‘Sonny’s Blues’” The English Journal, vol. 60
no. 1, 1971 pp, 36-37 https://www-jstor-org.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/stable/813336?sid=primo&origin=crossref&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed May 5, 2020.
Ognibene cites Barbara Dodds Stanford who praises Baldwin’s literary work for writing about identities and struggles Black youth can relate to. “Sonny’s Blues” is a perfect example of how Baldwin incorporates the very essence of what Stanford has praised; the short story incorporates topics such as weak family bonds, defying societal norms, one’s search for their identity while also questioning the prejudice and stereotypes that exist, in this case specifically about society’s view on drugs and those who use it. A close reading of this short story reveals the nameless narrator’s own struggle with his identity, having confined to society’s proposed identity for “respectable Black men” which translates to being as white as possible. When contrasted with Sonny, someone who spiraled into the the world of drugs and resurrected through jazz, the reader can see that the nameless narrator’s issue with Sonny is not Sonny himself but rather how it forces his “respectable” middle class lifestyle to be disrupted and to acknowledge his Blackness, something that Sonny’s presence triggers in him. The bond between the brothers is weak, the nameless narrator believing he knows what’s best and unless Sonny conforms to the nameless narrator’s expectations, he will remain beneath him. It isn’t until the narrator experiences a personal suffering that he begins to think about the suffering of others, specifically Sonny’s, and he makes the effort to not only amend their bond but to also acknowledge his past and identity.
My 3 sources are:
1. Richard J. Gerber “Joyce’s Araby and the Mystery of Mangan’s Sister”
In this article, the author focuses on the question of why the main female protagonist is never named, and simply refereed to as “Mangan’s sister”. This, despite the fact that, her name is referenced by the narrator on multiple occasions, so he clearly knows it. She dedicates the first portions of the essay to discussing other scholar’s theories, which mostly carry religious connotations, or say that he sees her name as too sacred say out loud. Her own theory is more mundane, and states that the real Mangan’s sister’s name is never actually given in the records. I will probably focus more on the first parts of the article, since that offers more room for analysis.
2. L. J. Morrissey “JOYCE’S NARRATIVE STRATEGIES IN “ARABY””
This article analyses the use of narrative perspective in “Araby”. It starts of pointing out that some stories in Dubliners are in the third person, some in the first. Araby is somewhere in between, seemingly starting in the third person, but then moving to first person. He the states that there are 3 main narrative voices- the naif, the romantic, and the adult. The last of these being a more mature blending of the other
3. H. George Hahn “Tarscius: A Hagiogrphical Allusion in Joyce’s Araby”
This article also covers aspects of Araby that may be seen as religious allegory. It compares the stories narrative to the myth of Tarsicius, the Christian martyr, who is also an orphan, also goes on a journey, and ends with sacrifice. It also looks at the female protagonist as a “Madonna-Magdalene” like figure.
I may change some of these articles as I find more that fit my thesis better.
1. Scapegoating: How and Why Scapegoating Occurs by Linda Louise Stafford. This source is mainly about what scapegoating is and how and why it exists. I will use this article to show what scapegoating is, and how it applies to the lottery. For example this article states that anxiety causes discomfort, which we as humans seek for ways to reduce it. In doing so we resort back to earlier safer patterns. This could explain the people’s reliance on the annual lottery.
2. Scapegoat Theology by Elizabeth Rees will be used to explain the necessity of a scapegoat and what type of people are usually targeted. According to Rees groups of people need scapegoats in order to maintain social stability, and the victim is usually an outsider. I believe this will be helpful in explaining why the tradition has been maintained even though it is clearly cruel and unfair to those chosen.
3. Witchcraft, Weather and Economic Growth in Renaissance Europe by Emily Oster will be used for two things. First is to provide a historical example of scapegoating happening in real life and to explain that there needs to be a reason for the scapegoating to happen. In the example provided by Oster, she posits that the same witch trials scapegoated many young women because of stress caused by the cold weather. I believe this could apply to The Lottery in a way as well. In the story it seems that the town is reliant on farming for food, and the lottery could be seen as a tradition to ensure good harvest, just like what they did in ancient civilizations.
In “The Problem of Faith in “Young Goodman Brown””, Leo B. Levy writes about Young Goodman Brown’s experience in the woods and the inconclusivity regarding reality or fantasy. Despite not knowing whether or not the protagonist truly experienced the sabbath of the devilish figures, the fight with keeping faith is still present. This may all be an allegory that Hawthorne has used to allow readers to relate to a grander issue with faith, or Young Goodman Brown has genuinely been introduced to unholy figures. Levy states that the protagonist is critiqued as not being of sound mind due to mental illness or he is unwilling to come to terms that his faith is not sound either. Religion and otherworldly beings are also rampant, which allows for many to question if these experiences were real or if this was an abstraction.
Written by Raymond Benoit, “‘Young Goodman Brown’: The Second Time Around” discusses psychological components seen in the protagonist. Jung and his work contains a character similar to Hawthorne’s protagonist, in which both characters are concerned with something that takes over their lives. Young Goodman Brown lets religion swallow him whole and controls his feelings of guilt and righteousness. The situation and events that occur can be seen as an allegory for Young Goodman Brown’s concerns with marriage and his unwillingness to do wrong. He will not soil the religious innocence that he plans to keep with his wife. The author states that their marriage was not Goodman Brown’s wish and that their marriage had figuratively ended once he experienced his ‘dream’.
“Hawthorne’s ‘Young Goodman Brown’: An Interpretation”, written by D.M. McKeithan, discusses Goodman Brown’s sin and the confidence he had carrying out his sin. It is the fault of Satan that Goodman Brown is skeptical of those around him after his unholy encounter. He believes that because he is sinful, others must be as well. He judged and perceived those around him in the same manner that readers would perceive him. He is not holier than all, yet takes on the role of a higher being. The author states that this passage is an allegory and that because there was no specific sin mentioned in the beginning, Goodman Brown’s consequences can be used as an explanation for other problems.
The final source may be swapped out for the final draft unless I do not find another that will work with my proposal.
I’ve decided to focus on how the post-millennial setting of Emma successfully aligns with the traditional Indian society. Thus, these are some of the sources I will be using:
“Aisha, Rajshree Ojha’s Urban Emma: Not entirely Clueless” by Theresa Kenny. (A Publication of the Jane Austen Society of North America)
This article discusses the film adaptations, Aisha and Clueless, and how closely it lines up with Emma. Specifically, the author creates an argument that although Aisha is set in a different cultural context, it adheres to the plot of the novel more closely than Clueless. The culture of India is already traditionally modest just like the time period Emma is set in. By placing Aisha in the midst of a busy city (Delhi, India), the film perfectly combines the Indian traditions of matchmaking and marriage along with rich characters to make the film mirror the novel as much as possible.
“Matchmaking in Twenty-First-Century India.” Encyclopedia of Modern Asia, edited by Karen Christensen and David Levinson
I found this interesting excerpt from a possible Indian newspaper which consists of examples of advertisements of people who are looking for potential partners. These advertisements are posted by families of the individual. This shows how prevalent match-making is in India and thus can explain why the character of Emma or Aisha in an Indian society would pick up that hobby.
“Bollywoodizing Jane Austen’s Emma: Rajshree Ojha’s Aisha” by Rosa M. Garcia-Periago
This article discusses how in an Indian society, Jane Austen’s novel is “easily adapted and relocated.” The author explores the significance of class, arranged marriages, and talent that is important both in the novel and Indian society. For example, in the novel, Emma and Jane both are musically inclined and Emma becomes jealous when she realizes Jane can play the piano better than her. In the film, this same scene is imitated when Jane’s character, Aarti, is seen singing at a tractional festival. The symbolism behind having the talent of singing, especially traditional songs, translates to having good Indian values.
Cheever’s Dark Knight of the Soul: file:///C:/Users/00/Downloads/ContentServer.pdf
The main character’s journey is modeled after the search for the Holy Grail. The Holy Grail is a treasure that provides happiness or eternal youth. However, in this world, Neddy is searching for materialistic and hedonistic things. Similar to The Holy Grail, he encounters obstacles like unfriendly neighbors and being chased by lifeguards. The author uses the change of seasons to show Neddy aging. Unlike King Arthur, Neddy doesn’t ask proper questions or look for answers which is why he gets more disoriented and loses his memory as the story progresses. He doesn’t realize that his house has been sold and his family is in trouble. So he becomes more and more confused, instead of becoming enlightened. There are representations of the “wise old man”, like the Hallorans who try to force Neddy to see the truth, but he doesn’t listen. He finally realized the truth after meeting his former mistress. King Arthur never found the Holy Grail and similarly, Neddy didn’t find his family but instead finds an empty and dark house. The story also mirrors the search for youth, which again shows the selfish nature of the hero’s quest and that it is doomed to fail.
Negative Capability: file:///C:/Users/00/Downloads/NEGATIVE%20CAPABILITY.pdf
The article starts by describing the film version of The Swimmer. It defines negative capability as a literary quality “when [one] is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason.” This is “to suggest that, when embodied in a beautiful artistic form, the literary subject matter, concepts, and characters are not subject to the ordinary standards of evidence, truth, and morality, as we apply these standards in the course of our everyday experience.” I’m assuming this means that to the readers, the subject, Neddy, is doing unrealistic things such as swimming through his neighbors pool to get home but because it’s portrayed as something fantasy or dream-like, Neddy doesn’t realize that. This is also how the story uses negative capability in that it starts out realistic but becomes surrealistic.
The story has two shifts in perspective, in the 1st paragraph, it’s from a 3rd person perspective of Neddy and in the middle of the story, it’s from an external point of view. Neddy also represents Odysseus and Narcissus in that he is going on a journey back home. Basically, he’s a tragic comic figure because he’s arrogant and doesn’t see his downfall in the future.
Historical Allusion: file:///C:/Users/00/Downloads/AN%20HISTORICAL%20ALLUSION%20IN.pdf
In this article, the author pairs Neddy with Juan Ponce de Leon in that Leon was an explorer searching for the fountain of youth but doesn’t find it, and Neddy is an explorer that’s aimlessly trying to reclaim his youth. Leon reminds me of King Arthur in that they’re searching for something “godly(?)” but differs in that in this article, Neddy is swimming to get his youth back while the first article talks about Neddy finding home. The swimming pool can be a metaphor for the fountain of youth. However, instead of becoming younger, he becomes older. Basically, his journey is pointless, just like Leon’s search for the fountain of youth.
Jones, Wendy (2017). Jane on the Brain: Exploring the Science of Social Intelligence with Jane Austen. New York: Pegasus Books.
Emma’s character and thought processes are explained through a psychological approach. Jones breaks down Emmas’ character, scrutinizing her actions and the possible reasoning behind her actions. Narcissism appears to be a constant theme within this text. Emma is portrayed as a passive villain rather than a “do-gooder”.
Levy, Kenneth N. “Subtypes, Dimensions, Levels, and Mental States in Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder.” Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 68, no. 8, 2012, pp. 886–897.
The difference between narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder is discussed in this journal. In addition to this differentiation, symptoms, and case studies are used to explain the dimensions of this disorder.
Vater, Aline, et al. “When Grandiosity and Vulnerability Collide: Implicit and Explicit Self-Esteem in Patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder.” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 44, no. 1, 2013, pp. 37–47.
I received most of my information from the background of this text (rather than the actual study), explaining what grandiosity is, concerning NPD. In addition to grandiosity, damaged implicit and explicit self-esteem is also discussed. While most individuals with NPD believe they are superior, this is often used as a defense mechanism for deep-rooted insecurity.
In “The Dilemma of Friendship in Emma”, Laura E. Thomason discusses the issue of friendships in an eighteenth century hierarchical setting and how Emma’s failed attempts at sustaining a friendship shows how people who feel it is a necessity to them are the ones who fail to achieve a leveled friendship. She uses Emma’s relationship with Harriet as an example of Emma’s failed attempts in claiming Harriet as a friend. Thomason cites how their friendship was mainly Emma treating Harriet as a toy she could makeover and manipulating her into believing she was in love with the men Emma thought were ideal for her and could elevate her status.
In “The intimacy of re-reading Emma”, Tita Chico focuses on the aspect of the utilization of the word “intimacy” throughout the novel. Initially perceived as a word to describe retrospectively all of Emma’s relationships with the men she interacts with over the course of the narrative, Chico emphasizes the attention of the word in regards to the female relationships that Emma has. One of the more prominent friendships Chico analyzes is the relationship between Harriet and Emma and the intimacy shared between the two in a sisterly way as well as in regards to the social implications that lie within their friendship. Chico notes how the intimacy found in Emma shows how female characters establish connections with one another and the narrative perspective of the novel feels like you’re being let into a conversation with said person.
In “Influence and interference: the ethics of attention in Emma”, Lorraine Clark focuses on how Jane Austen implements ideas of influence and interference throughout the novel and in a way helps structure the narrative and characters of Emma. Clark shines light on various characters which have been shown to interfere in other characters’ business, and the one she specifically spends time analyzing and emphasizing is Emma herself. She highlights the way Emma has practically used her friendship with Harriet to consistently meddle with her personal life and dictate her future to the point where Emma bats a blind eye to Harriet’s wants and needs and is more attentive to her own personal interests and ideals.
In Fused Voices: Narrated Monologue in Jane Austen’s Emma, Rachel Provenzano Oberman writes about the omniscient narrator in Emma and discusses how the third person is interchangeable with a character’s consciousness. She indicates how Emma’s and the omniscient narrator’s voice are sometimes indistinguishable. She explains how Emma changes throughout the novel to incorporate the voices of those around her into her third person narration.
In “To Know What You Are All Thinking”: Riddles and Minds in Jane Austen’s Emma, Jeanne M. Britton writes about characters’ attempts to read others’ minds, and how cognitive science and reading minds connect. She writes on how Austen blocks Knightley’s insight into Emma’s mind. She also writes on free indirect discourse.
Tyagi, Ankit. “An Analysis of “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost.” International Journal of Advanced Research in Education & Technology (IJARET) 2.4 (2015): 28-29.
This article gives another interpretation to the poem. Goes into the interworking’s of Robert Frost and includes a bit of his background and drive as poet. Mentions that the ambiguity is the reason why people praise Robert Frost’s work so much. I used to make my point about doing both: bearing responsibility and enjoying natural beauty. Included his ice-cream analogy to further the idea of choice.
Comeau, Elli. “Life and Death in Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”.” THE WRITE STUFF: 47.
Provides another interpretation and offers another central idea of the poem. Life and Dead are… Helps prove that what he is going through is not him losing his mind but him simply coping with might be going on in his life. Opposed his point of suicide. This person provided more observation such as the s-sound and the reason why Robert Frost chose to use it. I further opposed their reason for the speaker’s reason for stopping in the woods.
Reddy, Sathi Veerraghava. “International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies.”
I took from the sections titles “American Ideals” and “Nature” to provide more background about the poem and Frost mindset behind the creation of it. I want to further add on to my point on nature and possible formulate my theory and his reason for making this poem. There was a similarity between Americans and people from England. The similarities lie in the ideals associated with handwork and survival. This deepens theme of reality and extends my description of the speaker’s sense of reality.
Lane, Jonathan D., and J. Song. “Behavioral inhibition and social withdrawal across cultures.” International encyclopedia of social and behavioral sciences (2015): 456-462.
I used this source to provide more information on social withdrawal to further my theory for him being in the woods. This theorizes a psychological issue he might be dealing with based on my interpretations. It can explain the social isolation from the rest of world. Meditation can be the remedy he needed at the moment. And being in the woods at one of the darkest times is doing just that.